Serum Uric Acid in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gujarat

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with significant morbidity through micro- and macrovascular complications. Serum uric acid (SUA) has emerged as a potential biomarker linked to glycaemic dysregulation, dyslipidaemia, and early renal impairment. Despite its clinical relevance, SUA levels in T2DM patients remain understudied in the Indian context, particularly in Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Pramukh Swami Medical College, Karamsad, and enrolling 200 participants: 100 T2DM patients and 100 age-sex–matched healthy controls. Biochemical parameters including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, serum uric acid, lipid profile, serum creatinine, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi info version 7. Results: Serum uric acid was significantly elevated in T2DM patients (6.43 ± 1.19 mg/dL) compared to controls (4.84 ± 0.99 mg/dL; p<0.001). Hyperuricaemia was present in 34% of diabetic patients versus 8% of controls. SUA correlated positively with triglycerides (r=0.46), FPG (r=0.34), HbA1c (r=0.29), and UACR, and negatively with HDL-C (r=−0.31). ROC analysis revealed SUA >6.2 mg/dL as the optimal cut-off for predicting albuminuria (AUC=0.76; sensitivity 72%, specificity 68%). Conclusion: Serum uric acid is significantly elevated in T2DM patients and independently correlates with atherogenic dyslipidaemia and early renal damage. Routine SUA monitoring may serve as an accessible and costeffective biomarker for cardiorenal risk stratification in diabetic populations.