Demographic and Clinical Profiles of Patients with Ocular Trauma at Haji General Hospital East Java Indonesia

Background: Ocular trauma is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, where occupational and accidents in the home environment are the main contributors. Understanding the demographic and clinical patterns of ocular trauma is essential for improving prevention and management strategies. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the demographic distribution, clinical features, and patterns of ocular trauma among patients treated at Haji General Hospital, East Java, Indonesia, from January 2022 to July 2025. A total of 248 patients were included. Data collected included age, gender, environment of trauma, etiology of trauma, type of trauma, and ocular structures involved. Results: Ocular trauma predominantly affected young adults aged 21–30 years (22.98%) and was more common in men (80.65%), especially those in industrial occupations (46.8%). Most superficial foreign body cases involved the cornea (78.5%), with metal fragments identified as the most common causative agent (59.9%). Subconjunctival hemorrhage represented the most frequent presentation among adnexal injuries (40%). Among closed globe injuries, contusion was identified as the most prevalent type of injury (87,5%). Chemical injuries were predominantly caused by acid exposure (60%). All thermal injuries were caused by hot liquid contact, while all cases of radiation burns resulted from welding arc exposure. Conclusion: Most cases of ocular trauma took place in industrial settings and were related to occupational activities. The most frequent type of ocular trauma was a superficial foreign body. As most cases are preventable, enhancing awareness and consistent use of protective eyewear are essential to reduce the incidence of work-related ocular injuries.