The Evolution of Trade Relations Between Norway and India: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1894 to 2025

Bilateral trade relations are a critical tool for strengthening economic integration, technological transfer, and sustainable development in an increasingly globalised economy. The example of the trade partnership between Norway and India represents a unique type of collaboration between the high-income, innovation-driven European economy and the rapidly developing emerging economy, marked by increasing commercial activity in the energy, maritime services, renewable technology, pharmaceuticals, and information technology sectors. Despite this growth, the academic study of this bilateral association remains fragmented across subject fields and disciplines. The proposed paper aims to critically review the framework, development, and scholarly coverage of trade relations between Norway and India by uncovering the prevalent themes of research, most active writers, collaboration models, and current trends in the academic literature, and allowing for a major gap in the future research process. Peer-reviewed journal articles were searched in the Scopus database to identify articles published between 2000 and 2025 in the area of economics, business, and social sciences to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the topic. VOSviewer was used to analyse the dataset and visualise the citation networks, keyword co-occurrence, co-authorship and country-based research collaboration. The results show that academic interest in sustainability, renewable energy cooperation, institutional frameworks, and technology-intensive sectors is gradually increasing, whereas services trade, digital commerce, and involvement of small enterprises are disproportionately low. The patterns of co-authorship also indicate limited direct cooperation between scholars in Norway and India, suggesting that research production was regionalised. In general, the paper shows that relations between Norway and India in trade have shifted from a strictly commodity-based exchange to a diversified, economically meaningful collaboration, which serves as a beacon for further empirical research and policy development to enhance sustainable bilateral economic cooperation.