Energy and Exergy Analysis of Garri‐4 Power Plant

ABSTRACT This study presents an energy and exergy analysis of the Garri‐4 thermal power plant (110 MW) in Sudan, utilizing petroleum sponge coke fuel. The work aims to pinpoint thermodynamic inefficiencies using steady‐state modeling, IAPWS‐IF97 steam properties, and Szargut's correlation for solid fuels. Results reveal a stark contrast between first‐ and second‐law perspectives. Energy analysis identifies the condenser as the primary loss (63.8%), incorrectly suggesting heat rejection is the main issue. However, exergy analysis proves the condenser's destruction is minimal (1.1%). Instead, the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler accounts for 80.2% of total exergy destruction due to combustion irreversibilities, followed by the turbine (18.2%). The overall exergetic efficiency is 31.2%. A Sankey diagram maps these flows, confirming that plant optimization must prioritize boiler combustion control rather than condenser upgrades. Comparison with regional plants validates these findings.