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Root and soil samples were collected to identify the cause of stunting observed in apple trees (Malus domestica) cv. Gala, from a commercial orchard located in the municipality of Palmas, Paraná state, Brazil (26°30′38.84″ S; 52°00′58.54″ W) and in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cv. Viognier grafted onto the Paulsen rootstock (Figure 1) in the municipality of Pinto Bandeira, Rio Grande do Sul State (29°02′43.1″ S; 51°28′10.8″ W). Nematodes were extracted using the centrifugal flotation method, and a root-lesion nematode species was detected in root and soil samples from both hosts. Ten adult females of the genus Pratylenchus from each host plant were recovered and temporarily mounted in water for morphological examination. The specimens exhibited two lip annuli (Figure 2A), lateral fields with four incisures (Figure 2B) and a conoid tail with a bluntly pointed terminus (Figure 2C). The mean morphometric values were for the apple population: stylet length (St) = 15.3 ±0.5 µm, body length (L) = 502.0 ±34.2 µm, and vulva position (V%) = 76.6 ±2.1, and for the grapevine population: St = 14.7 ±0.4 µm, L = 541.7 ±47.2 µm, and V% = 78.7 ±2.3. Males were not observed in either population. The morphological and morphometric characters were consistent with those described for Pratylenchus hippeastri (Inserra et al. 2007). Molecular identification was performed by sequencing the D2/D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA and applying DNA barcoding techniques. The resulting sequence were deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. PX899475 (apple) and PX933208 (grapevine). BLAST analysis revealed 100% sequence identity with P. hippeastri isolate xs01 (KC796703.1). The Brazilian populations from apple (PX899475, Palmas PR) and grapevine (PX933208, Pinto Bandeira, RS) consistently clustered with other P. hippeastri sequences (Figure 3), showing 100% bootstrap support and confirming the species identification. Pratylenchus hippeastri has been described from amaryllis (Hippeastrum sp.), bromeliads (Neoregelia spp.) and Vitis rotundifolia in the USA (Inserra et al. 2007; De Luca et al. 2010, Habteweld et al. 2021), apple in China and Africa (Wang et al. 2016; Knoetze et al. 2019), Acer palmatum in Japan (Chen et al. 2014), Salix mucronata in Africa (Shokoohi et al. 2019). More recently, a population of P. hippeastri was characterised morphologically and molecularly from strawberry in Costa Rica (Brenes-Campos et al. 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pratylenchus hippeastri in Brazil. Following this detection, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply was notified in order to support the implementation of phytosanitary measures aimed at mitigating the potential risks associated with this nematode species.