Who are we reaching? Identifying subgroups among individuals seeking help for opioid use disorder

The results highlight the heterogeneity of help-seekers with OUD and emphasize the need for targeted, class-specific care strategies. <i>Individuals Primarily Using Opioids</i> warrant further investigation, as this class may still comprise heterogeneous subgroups with diverse care needs. <i>Individuals with Multiple SUDs</i> may benefit from more flexible OAT frameworks that accommodate work and family responsibilities. For <i>Individuals Who Inject Drugs</i>, integrated health and social services, combined with expanded harm reduction efforts (e.g., syringe exchange, testing opportunities for infectious diseases), may help reduce access barriers and effectively address their complex needs.