Editorial: Research advances toward One Health in brucellosis

Although the concept of "One Health" was used in the past, it was formally formulated at the beginning of this Century to indicate that the health of humans, animals and plants are closely linked and interdependent with each other as well as with their shared environment (1). The concept also emphasizes that collaboration across disciplines contributes to addressing health challenges such as the prevention, detection, control and elimination of infectious diseases, increasing global health security.Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic infectious disease in most developing countries (2). It causes chronic illness with a variety of non-specific clinical signs in humans (fever, malaise, fatigue and arthritis) and abortion, infertility and decreased milk production in animals. These clinical manifestations cause significant economic losses in livestock and pose a risk to public health. It is estimated that hundreds of thousands of new human brucellosis cases appear each year (3), while the livestock industry loses millions of dollars annually (4).Prevention measures and diagnostic tests are the best tools for preventing and controlling brucellosis, with vaccines and serological tests being the prototypes of these measures, respectively. However, despite a large amount of research in these topics, brucellosis vaccines are far from ideal, and no serological test by itself can identify a positive sample with enough specificity. Given the importance of improving these tools in creating a safe environment, these subjects are primarily addressed in our Research Topic.As mentioned earlier, no vaccine for humans is licensed and veterinary vaccines present several shortcomings. There are four brucellosis veterinary vaccines available: