Electrospun nanofibers and electrical stimulation: a synergistic approach for chronic wound management

Electrical stimulation (ES) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for enhancing chronic wound healing, addressing the limitations of conventional treatments such as high costs, prolonged recovery times, and suboptimal outcomes. However, traditional ES methods face challenges in delivering uniform stimulation across the wound area. Recent advances in electrospun-based wound dressings, particularly those combined with conductive polymers, offer a solution to these limitations. Conductive electrospun-based wound dressings mimic the skin's extracellular matrix, providing high porosity, a large surface area, and the capacity to deliver ES directly to the wound site, significantly enhancing therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a concise summary of the skin structure, the wound healing process and the effects of ES at various stages of healing. It also explores advanced electrospun-based wound dressings, focusing on the synergistic potential of combining ES with conductive electrospun dressings to optimize chronic wound healing outcomes.