PD0325901 alleviates thrombin-inhibited osteogenic differentiation through an IL-1β-activated feedback loop between MEK-Erk1/2 and NF-κB signal pathways: insights from bioinformatics and experimental verification

PD03 inhibits thrombin-induced activation of the IL-1β-mediated feedback loop between the MEK-Erk1/2 and NF-κB pathways, thereby restoring bone formation and offering a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating bone loss in patients with elevated thrombin levels.