Maternal and child immune profiles are associated with neurometabolite measures of early-life neuroinflammation in children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected: a South African birth cohort

In this South African cohort, HIV exposure-specific associations were observed between certain mother and child immune markers and child neurometabolite ratios at 2-3 years. Larger, longitudinal neuroimaging studies integrating neurodevelopmental outcomes are needed to clarify mechanisms and clinical implications.