A Daoist Cyclical-Dynamic Model of Yin–Yang for Gender Harmony Without Hierarchy

This paper, through the lens of Daoist thought, argues for a cyclical-dynamic model of yin and yang as the metaphysical foundation for ensuring gender harmony. It critiques a stereotypical interpretation of gender harmony that sacrifices one party to achieve balance, often resulting in the subordination of women. Drawing on two significant historical yin–yang models—cyclical-dynamic versus fixed-hierarchical—the paper advocates that the former can contribute to harmony without hierarchy, avoiding the sacrifice of one side. Both philosophical Daoism and religious Daoism are in line with such a cyclical model of harmony, in which both forces are in constant flux without any hierarchy, rather than a static, fixed arrangement. The conclusion reaffirms that the paper does not propose a new yin–yang model nor claim to offer a universal solution. Instead, it suggests that this dynamic model provides a more flexible theoretical framework for understanding gender harmony, serving as a conceptual alternative to achieve gender equality in the contemporary time.