Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Productivity and Adaptive Strategies for Sustainable Food Systems

Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant global challenges affecting agricultural productivity and food security. Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall patterns, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and shifting pest and disease dynamics are increasingly influencing agricultural systems worldwide. These environmental changes pose serious threats to crop yields, soil fertility, water availability, and overall agricultural sustainability. As global populations continue to grow, ensuring stable food production while minimizing environmental degradation has become a critical priority. This review examines the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity and evaluates various adaptation strategies that can support sustainable food systems. Climate-related factors affecting agriculture include temperature fluctuations, drought, flooding, and increased pest and disease incidence. The review also discusses adaptive approaches such as climate-resilient crop varieties, improved water management practices, sustainable soil management, precision agriculture, and policy interventions. Strengthening agricultural resilience through technological innovation, farmer education, and supportive policies will be essential for ensuring long-term food security and sustainable agricultural development in the face of climate change.