Interoperability architecture for data spaces

This paper presents an interoperability architecture for data spaces (DSIA), allowing members of the different data spaces using different technologies and services to exchange data. The DSIA builds on the existing trust of data space members and extends it through shared agreements and additional federation and participant services. The DSIA consists of four components: sub-systems for data sharing across data spaces, data pipeline, deployment, and a set of supporting applications for users. The DSIA has been validated with DS2 implementations and compared to other interoperability approaches. The main benefits are minimal independence to interacting data space technologies, little governance overheads, and easy deployment for existing data space participants and authorities' systems.