Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Plant Extract and Green Nanotherapeutics

The conventional approaches by which nanoparticles are prepared are linked with several setbacks and have some toxicity and sustainability issues which has led to unfolding of biogenic synthesis concept using different biological sources from nature such as bacteria, virus, yeast, and plant biomass as reducing agents. However, plant sources either in the form of extract or phytocompound are considered the safest and most sustainable as they are easy to source as well as economic. Metal and their oxide nanoparticles are biologically synthesized wherein the different metal ion precursor solutions are reduced to metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by plant extract as bio-reductant as well as stabilizing agents in some cases. In this chapter, we have canvased different forms of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, their synthesis, clinical application, and challenges.