Integrative Review on the Importance of ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) Protocols: Surgical and Anesthetic Integration and Patient Safety in the Operating Room.

ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) Protocols have established themselves as an evidence-based approach aimed at optimizing perioperative care, focusing on the integration of surgical, anesthetic, and multidisciplinary practices and promoting patient safety. This study aimed to analyze the importance of ERAS protocols in surgical and anesthetic integration and their impact on patient safety in the operating room through a review of the scientific literature. This is an integrative review conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations, searching national and international databases using descriptors related to ERAS, patient safety, anesthesia, and perioperative care. The included studies show that the implementation of ERAS Protocols is associated with a reduction in intraoperative and postoperative adverse events, decreased use of opioids, better pain control, less variability in care, and a stronger culture of safety. The standardization of procedures, multimodal analgesia, rational use of anesthetic drugs, individualized fluid management, adequate monitoring, and multidisciplinary integration stand out as central components of ERAS. In addition, the protocols have demonstrated applicability in various surgical specialties, with adaptations according to the clinical and organizational context. It is concluded that ERAS protocols are an effective strategy for improving patient safety and the quality of perioperative care, reinforcing the need for their systematic and sustained implementation in health services.