Multistakeholder perspectives on geographical accessibility to emergency obstetric care in Benin City, Nigeria

Timely access to EmOC in urban settings is undermined by the intersection of spatial inequities, system dysfunction, and unreliable service availability. Addressing these challenges requires integrated infrastructure planning, strengthened referral coordination, and investment in health workforce retention. Without effective implementation of existing policies and targeted support for high-burden areas, maternal health inequities will persist even in urban contexts.