Protective immunity against Chagas disease induced by a superantigen-based chimeric DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella

Although sterilizing immunity was not achieved, the attenuation of parasite persistence and pathology represents a biologically relevant outcome. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that incorporating a detoxified bacterial superantigen into chimeric antigens across multiple platforms enhances immune quality and protective efficacy, highlighting engineered superantigens as promising immune modulators for the development of effective vaccines against Chagas disease.