Роль дисбаланса микроэлементов в формировании расстройств аутистического спектра. Обзор

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition manifested by the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and characterized by a deficit in social interaction, limited interests, and a tendency toward stereotypical actions. The causal factors of autism are not fully researched, which reflects the complex genetical and environmental influence of genetics and the environment on the body. Autism is believed to arise from a genetic predisposition actualized in negative circumstances. The subjectivity of ASD diagnoses, based on behavioral responses, necessitates the consideration of objective morphofunctional parameters. Based on published data, this article presents general characteristics of autism, examines its epidemiology, and identifies possible triggers for ASD. Emphasis is placed on analyzing disturbances in chemical element levels in children's bodies, including those of vital and toxic microelements. It has been shown that the development and progression of autism are significantly affected by an imbalance in the body - a deficiency or excess of essential (selenium, iodine, iron, zinc, copper) and toxic (mercury, lead, aluminum et al.) elements. Numerous studies examining the causal role of trace elements in ASD development have yielded inconclusive results. Expanding knowledge of variations in the elemental profile of children with autism will bring researchers closer to understanding the role of mineral metabolism in ASD etiology and pathogenesis.