Training need analysis for prompt and efficient delivery of para-veterinary services at farmers doorstep from stakeholders’ perspective: An exploratory and comparative study in four States of India

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the training needs for para-veterinarians (para-vets) in India, based on a multi-stakeholder perspective, conducted across four states (Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh), involved surveys with 160 para-vets, 60 veterinarian trainers, and 160 dairy farmers. The objective was to identify and prioritize critical skill gaps and ultimately develop an effective and responsive training curriculum. Using a structured methodology that included task analysis, skill gap assessment, and training need analysis, the findings reveal a consistent pattern of deficiencies across diverse agro-climatic zones. While core competencies such as artificial insemination and vaccination were found to be well-established and highly prioritized, significant and urgent skill gaps were identified in crucial areas related to animal health, public health, and productivity. Key areas consistently requiring urgent capacity building include: knowledge of the latest therapeutic drug trends (particularly with respect to antimicrobial stewardship), control of zoonotic and contagious diseases, prophylactic healthcare measures, fodder enrichment and ration formulation, and the use of rapid diagnostic kits. The analysis confirms that the challenges facing the para-vet workforce are not isolated to specific regions but represent a systemic issue requiring a consolidated national response. The study highlights the imperative for a national framework to redesign para-vet training curricula to address these specific gaps, thereby enhancing their effectiveness in supporting livestock health, improving productivity, and ensuring food safety in rural India.