Inherited Trauma Across Generations: The Lived Experiences of Korean Second-Generation Atomic Bomb Survivors

The 1945 atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki exposed a large population to radiation, resulting in significant deaths and disabilities. Despite the potential transgenerational effects-defined as the multidimensional impact of atomic bomb exposure (i.e., physical, psychological, and social dimensions) transmitted from survivors to their descendants-research on second-generation survivors remains limited. Therefore, this study explores the lived experiences of Korean second-generation atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki. To this end, we interviewed 15 participants who identified themselves as the descendants of atomic bomb survivors and analyzed the obtained data using a descriptive phenomenological approach. We extracted four themes from the data: persistent pain, disability, and loss; uncertainty about the health risks of radiation exposure; family secrets etched into genes; and silenced voices of forgotten victim survivors. The participants reported various physical ailments and disabilities experienced by them and their families. Their awareness of the potential genetic impacts of radiation exposure led to concerns about their health and to possible genetic effects on their children. Nonetheless, they often felt compelled to conceal their fears and anxieties because of the social stigma and trauma experienced by their parents. These findings highlight the need for psychological care and support for this population, as well as the need to develop strategies aimed at health monitoring and counseling.