Safety of Matrix-M–adjuvanted COVID-19, seasonal influenza, combination influenza-COVID-19, and malaria vaccines: a review of the evidence

64,101 participants received ≥1 Matrix-M-adjuvanted vaccine dose (143,170 doses): 55,939 COVID-19, 2477 influenza, 1422 CIC, and 4263 malaria vaccines. All authorized and candidate vaccines within each disease area were well-tolerated, including among a wide geographical distribution, immunocompromised populations, and children. Active-comparator clinical trials and post-marketing studies demonstrate favorable reactogenicity profiles of Matrix-M-adjuvanted vaccines versus licensed vaccines for the same diseases, particularly, lower reactogenicity rates post-NUVAXOVID versus mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Research is ongoing to better characterize Matrix-M immune-stimulating mechanisms, continue technology improvements, and identify new applications to enhance vaccines and therapeutics.