Sustainable IT Infrastructure and Green Data Analytics: Measuring Environmental Performance in Digital Enterprises

The high growth rate in digital businesses has heightened issues around the world about the environmental footprint of information technology (IT) infrastructure, especially as the data centres, cloud services, and high-performance computing workloads are becoming a large contributor to increasing energy use and carbon emissions. Although the topic of sustainability has gained increased regulatory and corporate attention, there remains no set, data-based approaches to measure the ecological performance of the organizations with regard to the digital operations. The paper presents a holistic analytical model that combines sustainable IT infrastructure indicators, cloud resource optimization policy, and corporate sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs). Based on a mixed-methodology, which integrates empirical data related to industry benchmarking, cloud provider sustainability reporting, and already existing environmental reporting criteria, the framework provides a systematic approach to connect micro-level IT energy telemetry (including power usage effectiveness (PUE), server utilization rates, virtualization efficiency, and carbon intensity of workloads) to macro-level sustainability results, including reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, integration of renewable energy, energy cost reductions, and improvement in ESG performance. Quantitative modeling based on real world data demonstrates how green data analytics can be used to aid in carbon-conscious scheduling, predict IT energy demand and optimizing allocation of cloud resources. The outcomes indicate that the incorporation of IT operating data with high-end analytics can improve greatly the level of transparency, the measurement precision, and the environmental responsibility of digital enterprises. The originality of the study is the cross-layered mapping of technical IT metrics on organizational sustainability KPIs, which can be replicated to achieve the net-zero digital transformation. The suggested framework offers practical information to businesses, policymakers, and cloud service providers interested in realizing sustainability goals in fast-changing digital realms.