A practical methodology for electric vehicle drivetrain benchmarking: Maximizing insight from minimal test effort

• Electric vehicle drivetrain components and energy flows can be benchmarked with minimal instrumentation • Easily obtainable real-world driving data can be used for model calibration • Physically grounded models compensate for limited test data quality and low sampling rates • Results can be derived on both the component level (e.g. efficiencies) and the vehicle level (e.g. energy flow analysis)