Los hongos silvestres de Santa María Yavesía, Oaxaca, México: alimentos funcionales con propiedades medicinales

Wild mushrooms are recognized for their edible and medicinal use and for their biotechnological properties, thus presenting themselves as multifunctional foods of high nutritional value, in which secondary metabolites of pharmacological and medicinal interest such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and antitumor. The objective of this work was to identify the presence of bioactive metabolites with possible pharmacological and medicinal potential in wild mushroomsfrom Santa María Yavesía, Oaxaca. In the experimental process, the collection and classification of wild mushroom species was carried out, as well as the identification of metabolites by colorimetric tests in three different solvents (water, phosphate buffer and ethanol). The species selected for the analysis of bioactive metabolites were: Ganoderma brownii, Fomitopsis pinicola, Trametes versicolor, Trichaptum abietum, Albatrellus ellisii, Boletus exsudoporus, Lactarius chrysorrheus, Amanita caesarea and Fuscoporia coronadensis. 52 species of wild mushrooms were recorded, classified according to their potential use, their medicinal properties and the presence of bioactive compounds, identifying 12 species of mushrooms as edible and 12 species of medicinal mushrooms. Of the wild mushroom species analyzed for the identification of metabolites, the majority presented alkaloids and tannins; five species presented flavonoids; five saponin species and only one species presented cardiotonic glycosides. The information obtained in this work allows us to enrich the mycological knowledge of the communities of Oaxaca, adding value to the species of wild mushrooms that are consumed in the communities, highlighting the biotechnological importance of the species of edible wild mushrooms.