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Digital transformation (DT) in regulation-sensitive domains, such as finance, healthcare, energy, and public administration, is characterized by both innovation opportunities and increased cyber risk. Security enforcement in these situations must integrate governance policies, regulatory stipulations, technical defenses, and business processes. This paper provides a narrative and state-of-the-art review of what is known regarding safe DT practices in the US context and beyond, drawing on relevant literature, types of regulatory guidance, and practitioner frameworks. The latest research on digital transformations indicates that secure DT is becoming more rooted in governance structures like the U.S’ National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF), and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Zero Trust Maturity Model, which are increasingly promoting secure-by-design engineering together with resilience and accountability. Compliance models like Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) guidance, North American Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection (NERC CIP) enforcement and European Union (EU) tools such as Network and Information Security 2 (NIS2)/Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) and the Cyber Resilience Act implant enforceable obligations raising accountability in management. Through technology-empowered practices such as DevSecOps, Zero Trust architectures, cloud security baselines and supply chain assurance, these mandates are operationalized across several industries. This review synthesizes regulatory, technological, and human dimensions shaping secure DT. It also touches upon human and organizational aspects, with culture, knowledge level, insider threats, and management buy-in continuing to be crucial factors for success. Nevertheless, gaps with an array of core issues remain. Some identified are regulatory alignment, enforcement consistency, supply chain visibility, Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance and metrics for secure DT effectiveness. The paper argues that sustainable change can only be achieved through a mix of flexible technical mechanisms alongside prescriptive hard law, organizational cultural transformation, and resilience strategies. By highlighting what is currently being done and contributing to identifying where work needs to be done, this review offers a map for policy makers, regulators, and organizations who are charged with delivering secure digital transformation in regulated enterprises.