A decade of esophageal cancer in Kazakhstan: what the national cancer registry reveals (2014–2023)

Despite stable incidence, EC mortality in Kazakhstan has tripled over the past decade, reflecting late-stage diagnosis, limited treatment access, and persistent modifiable risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco use. These findings highlight a critical public health gap and underscore the need for early detection programs and strengthened oncology infrastructure to reduce premature mortality in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries.