Pharmacology and ethnobotany of <i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> and integration of its traditional uses with modern therapeutic applications: A scoping review

Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash, commonly known as vetiver, is a plant with a rich history in ancient medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, where it continues to be used for its numerous medicinal properties.Traditionally, vetiver roots and leaves have been used to treat conditions such as burns, convulsions, urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal issues, while also serving as an aromatic component in various healing products.Despite thousands of years of extensive experimental trial-and-error and subsequent prolonged applications, modern scientific research has only recently begun to uncover the pharmacological potential of vetiver, revealing potential qualities such as its anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-tuberculosis, antifungal, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.The present scoping review explores the numerous aspects of the traditional uses of vetiver with its emerging pharmaceutical applications, emphasizing the importance of integrating traditional, herbal medicinal knowledge with contemporary scientific methodologies.The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of vetiver on inflammation and related diseases, and uncovering how it was utilized historically within Ayurvedic/traditional practices, can pave the way for its broader utilization in modern medicine.'benefits', 'use' and 'indication', for example, 'Plant name AND pharmacology' or 'Plant name AND benefits').Boolean operators (AND, OR) were used when needed to narrow or broaden the search results.The titles and abstracts were first reviewed to identify studies that matched the inclusion criteria.