Traumatic Renal Injury in A Horseshoe Kidney: Case Report and Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common congenital renal fusion anomaly, with an annual incidence of 1 case per 500 newborns. While the exact etiologic mechanism remains unknown, its presence predisposes the kidney to traumatic injury; therefore, a proper diagnostic approach is essential for selecting the appropriate definitive treatment. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of renal trauma in a patient with a horseshoe kidney. CLINICAL CASE: A 30-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department after being struck by a motor vehicle, with unknown trauma kinematics. The approach was conducted according to the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines. Computed tomography (CT) documented bilateral renal trauma in a patient with a horseshoe kidney. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of renal trauma in patients with horseshoe kidneys is limited due to the low prevalence of this anomaly. Consequently, accurate radiological diagnosis and appropriate clinical monitoring are vital when making correct therapeutic decisions.