GDF15 – A potential novel biomarker of cognitive impairment in cervical dystonia

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Authors

Artur Drużdż · Tainan Municipal Hospital

Małgorzata Dudzic · Tainan Municipal Hospital

Joanna Poszwa · Poznan University of Medical Sciences

Anna Rajewska · Tainan Municipal Hospital

Aleksandra Mikołajczak · CS Diagnostics

Wojciech Kozubski · Poznan University of Medical Sciences

Jolanta Dorszewska

Abstract

While GDF15 concentrations were elevated in CD, they did not demonstrate consistent relationships with clinical features or cognitive outcomes. These findings suggest that GDF15 cannot currently be considered a reliable biomarker of cognitive impairment in CD. Given the limited sample size, this study should be regarded as preliminary.

Topics & Keywords

Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders GDF15 and Related Biomarkers Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Publication Details

Published in: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Volume 20, pp. 1771471-1771471

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2026.1771471

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GDF15 – A potential novel biomarker of cognitive impairment in cervical dystonia

Authors

Abstract

Topics & Keywords

Publication Details