TALLINN MANUAL Application in Real Time Cases

Cyberspace and cyber technology are increasingly used by nation states and individuals for peaceful purposes, but they are also employed maliciously.Cyber-attacksthat is, the use of cyber technology to attack a state's infrastructure-are perhaps one of the most serious threats currently facing states.Although not all cyber-attacks are warlike, some of them may indeed be so, which immediately gives rise to the question of whether the current legal regulation of the use of force (jus ad bellum) applies to such attacks.The 'Tallinn Manual' on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare responds to this question by mapping out the jus ad bellum and jus in bello rules that apply in such circumstances.The statement of the Rules is accompanied by a Commentary which clarifies the content of those rules, and explains their application in the specific context of cyber war.In the following, we will try to explain and critically comment on the jus ad bellum rules found in Chapter II of the Tallinn Manual: those are, Rules 10-19.The aim of our research is to cause attention to certain important but contested issues, identify jurisprudential ambiguities, and where possible offer alternative views.