Eco‐Friendly Chromatographic Technique for Quality Control of Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and Ascorbic Acid in Both Bulk and Caplet Formulations

Our research aimed to design and validate an affordable, novel, and ecologically conscious white HPLC stability-indicating technique that can simultaneously detect chondroitin, glucosamine, and ascorbic acid in bulk and in pharmaceutical and food caplets. At a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, the mobile phase consisted of 900 mL of an aqueous mixture of 0.9% diammonium hydrogen phosphate with 0.1% of 1-heptane sodium sulfonate maintained at pH 3.0 and a potassium phosphate monobasic buffer solution with a pH of 3.5 mixed with 65 mL acetonitrile and 35 mL methanol. Chondroitin concentrations ranged from 175.1 to 3502 ppm, glucosamine concentrations from 375.6 to 7512 ppm, and ascorbic acid ranged from 30.2 to 603.2 ppm. The detection wavelength was 190 nm, the injection volume was 10 μL, and the analysis runtime was less than 6.5 min. The method was shown to be ecologically beneficial by the whiteness score of 97.1, AES of 84, AGSA of 69.44, CaFRI of 85, AGREEprep of 0.59, MoGAPI of 76, BAGI of 80, and CACI of 74. Ecological sustainability and alignment to ICH, EMA, and US FDA validation items have been achieved by the proposed method.