Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes in HIV-infected women

As a result of the fight against the global epidemic for more than 30 years, the prospect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) elimination as the causative agent of the most dangerous infectious disease of our time, it is within our reach. Major scientific discoveries about the virus responsible for this state of immunodeficiency, including its pathogenesis, transmission routes, and clinical course, have led to the development of powerful antiretroviral drugs that offer high hopes for effective treatment and prevention of HIV infection. Although these and many other agents, which are still in development and testing, are able to effectively suppress the replication (self-replication) and survival of the virus, the treatment of patients with HIV infection at the individual and population levels remains a difficult task. Timely initiation of antiretroviral drugs, compliance with appropriate therapeutic regimens, effective use of these drugs in the context of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis, treatment of concomitant diseases, and elimination of social and psychological factors associated with patient care and care are still important tasks. Considering the relevance of this topic, in September—December 2024, the authors of the article conducted a review of published works from January 2000 to April 2024 using domestic and international databases: eLibrary.ru , Russian State Library, scholar.ru, pubmed. The criteria for inclusion in the literature review were as follows: studies analyzing the effects of HIV on the course of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as studies addressing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. It is important to note that the above studies considered groups of pregnant women, both infected and uninfected (as control groups in the studies).