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The convergence of physics and biosensing has driven advancements in quantum biosensors (QBs), transforming medical diagnostics and personalized medicine by leveraging quantum phenomena to significantly enhance detection speed, specificity, and sensitivity compared to conventional biosensors. Their functionality is based on the integration of biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, and enzymes with QBs, resulting in measurable shifts in light emissions upon interaction with target biomolecules. Despite their transformative potential, QBs face challenges related to stability, reproducibility, and the complexities of quantum interactions, which must be addressed for their seamless integration into existing diagnostic frameworks. The continuous advancement of QBs is pushing the boundaries of scientific exploration and technological innovation, requiring progress in fabrication techniques, interdisciplinary research, and standardization to fully occupy their capabilities. This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of QBs technology, beginning with an explanation of biosensor principles. It then delves into the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics (QMs), technological components of QBs, their diverse applications, and their expanding role in medical diagnostics. Furthermore, integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is discussed toward the end, highlighting how these advancements further enhance the capabilities of QBs. As the field progresses, QBs are poised to revolutionize diagnostics, driving breakthroughs in early disease detection, precision medicine, and next-generation biosensing technologies.