Inferring the variability and magnitude of the vertical winds and associated heating/cooling rates from multistatic meteor radar measurements and meteorological reanalysis induced by the residual circulation 

Vertical winds induced by the residual circulation are extremely challenging to retrieve from measurements. Multistatic meteor radar networks facilitate implementing more sophisticated tomographic wind retrievals, either based on Bayesian inversions such as the 3DVAR+DIV algorithm or the spherical volume velocity processing (SVVP). A vertical wind climatology obtained from the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster (NORDIC) showed summer upwelling with vertical winds between 8-12 cm/s corresponding to a cooling rate of 80 K/d. During the winter season, the downwelling indicated values of -2 to -4 cm/s, resulting in a warming of 15-25 K/d. An analysis of the time series from 2022 to 2025 revealed a correlation between the vertical wind magnitude and the strength of the meridional wind during the summer months, as expected from the residual circulation. Furthermore, we compared winds observed with NORDIC to the meteorological reanalysis JAWARA.