Integration of AEM Electrolyser and PEM Fuel Cell in a nZEB: Dynamic Modelling and Performance Analysis

Abstract Achieving deep decarbonization in the residential sector calls for flexible systems that can effectively integrate renewable sources while ensuring year-round energy reliability. This work investigates the potential of a residential hydrogen-based energy configuration, applied to the Hydrogen Zero Emission Building (HZEB), a nearly zero-energy home located in Benevento, Italy. The proposed setup features a 5.3 kWp photovoltaic system, a 2.4 kW electrolyzer, 2 kg of high-pressure hydrogen storage, and a 900 W PEM fuel cell. A dynamic simulation model, built in MATLAB/Simulink and driven by real consumption data, was used to analyze system performance over a full year. Results indicate that the system can enhance renewable self-consumption and support seasonal energy balancing, though autonomy is limited in winter due to storage constraints. Sensitivity analysis shows that increasing PV capacity notably improves hydrogen generation and fuel cell operation. The study provides useful insights into the design of resilient, low-emission residential systems powered by hydrogen.