Understanding stroke risk phenotypes in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and concurrent moyamoya arteriopathy: insights from 61 cases at a single institution

Children with HbSS and concurrent MMA have increased risk of stroke during early childhood relative to children with HbSS alone. Additionally, those with HbSS and MMA are at risk of delayed diagnosis after experiencing neurological deficit from symptomatic stroke. These findings represent an opportunity to optimize stroke prevention screening, targeting children as young as 3-8 years of age.