Latissimus dorsi flap: a comprehensive systematic review of traditional and novel applications

The latissimus dorsi flap can be configured in multiple forms to address defects across nearly all anatomical regions. Contemporary literature demonstrates a clear evolution toward functional and indication-driven applications, supported by advances in microsurgical techniques and muscle reinnervation. This descriptive synthesis provides a structured overview of reported indications and may assist surgeons in selecting reconstructive strategies based on anatomical and functional objectives.