Future Directions in IoT-Driven Defence Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into the defence sector is transforming modern military operations by enhancing surveillance, logistics, predictive maintenance (PdM), battlefield management, and autonomous weaponry. IoT enables real-time intelligence gathering, improves decision-making, and optimizes operational efficiency through interconnected sensors, drones, and AI-driven analytics. However, its adoption also introduces critical cybersecurity risks, including vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, state-sponsored threats, and data breaches. Additionally, ethical and legal challenges surrounding autonomous military systems raise concerns about accountability and compliance with international regulations. As defence technologies evolve, the integration of 5G, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and blockchain is expected to enhance security and automation in IoT-enabled defence systems. To fully harness its potential, governments and military organizations must address key challenges related to cybersecurity, interoperability, and ethical governance. This chapter explores the opportunities, risks, and future directions of IoT in defence, providing strategic insights into its role in modern warfare and national security.