<b>Una mirada crítica a la competitividad energética: Factores clave para la autosuficiencia en México</b>

Electric self-sufficiency constitutes a strategic objective toward a more sustainable, reliable, and competitive energy matrix and is internationally recognized as a pillar of energy security. In Mexico’s case, dependence on fossil fuels, regulatory fragmentation, and limitations in transmission infrastructure keep the country in a vulnerable position. In this context, research was carried out along two axes, competitiveness and energy transition, to transform the energy matrix without compromising the nation’s stability and development but rather turning it into an opportunity to make it more sustainable. This article presents the analysis of competitiveness, understood as the set of criteria that must be considered to advance toward electric self-sufficiency. For both axes, the research was conducted using a qualitative method grounded in grounded theory, with interviews with experts from the public, private, and academic sectors, as well as a documentary matrix organized into five categories of analysis. The results revealed the need for infrastructure, technological autonomy, and territorial planning. Regulation must be strengthened with differentiated incentives according to technological maturity, in addition to the establishment of roadmaps. Finally, the criteria identified as essential for competitiveness include technical reliability, operational efficiency, technological autonomy, and the creation of local added value.