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This repository contains a harmonized microsatellite genotype dataset for circumpolar populations of reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus). The dataset was compiled from previously published population genetic studies conducted in Alaska, Canada, and Russia and subsequently standardized to enable joint analysis across regions. Because the original datasets were generated in different laboratories and genotyped using different electrophoretic platforms, systematic allele-size offsets among datasets were corrected using a reference-based mode-shift normalization procedure. The Russian dataset was selected as the reference alignment because it required the smallest overall adjustment and produced the most conservative correction of allele-size distributions. The resulting harmonized dataset was used for all downstream population genetic analyses presented in the associated manuscript. The final aligned dataset includes 1,544 individuals from 42 populations distributed across three major geographic regions of the circumpolar range of Rangifer tarandus. Genotypes are provided for nine microsatellite loci, each represented by two allele columns corresponding to diploid genotypes.The loci included in the dataset are: RT1, RT6, RT7, RT9, RT24, OHEQ, FCB193, BMS745, BMS1788. Allele sizes are reported as fragment lengths in base pairs after normalization of dataset-specific allele-size shifts. Data sources The harmonized dataset integrates microsatellite data from several previously published studies: 1) Colson K.E., Mager K.H., Hundertmark K.J. Reindeer Introgression and the Population Genetics of Caribou in Southwestern Alaska. Journal of Heredity. 2014;105(5):585–596. DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu030. 2) Serrouya R., Paetkau D., McLellan B.N., Boutin S., Campbell M., Jenkins D.A. Population size and major valleys explain microsatellite variation better than taxonomic units for caribou in western Canada. Mol Ecol. 2012 Jun;21(11):2588-601. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05570.x. Epub 2012Apr 16. PMID: 22502637. 3) Weckworth B.V., Musiani M., McDevitt A.D., Hebblewhite M., Mariani S. Reconstruction of caribou evolutionary history in Western North America and its implications for conservation. Mol Ecol. 2012 Jul;21(14):3610-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05621.x. Epub 2012 May 22. PMID: 22612518. 4) Svishcheva, G.; Babayan, O.; Sipko, T.; Kashtanov, S.; Kholodova, M.; Stolpovsky, Y. Genetic Differentiation Between Coexisting Wild and Domestic Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus L. 1758) in Northern Eurasia. GenResJ 2022, 3, 1-14.