Food Systems: Both Responsible for and Victims of Climate Change

Climate change and food systems are now key priorities on global and national agendas, with resilience emphasized at the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit and COP28 in 2023. Food systems include all stages from input production to consumption and waste, contributing about one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Industrialized countries are major emitters due to their production and consumption patterns, while developing countries, though less responsible, face greater climate impacts. This chapter analyzes both emission sources within food systems and climate change’s effects, especially on post-production stages. It highlights increasing food security risks, particularly in low-income countries.