Experimental investigation of muscle-tendon unit geometry and kinematics in lower-limb muscles during gait: Current applications and future directions – A scoping review

This review enhances understanding of neuromuscular impairments and current uses of MSK modeling and USI in clinical populations. It highlights their complementary potential with 3DGA to support personalized clinical decision-making. Future work should include broader neuromotor conditions and explore automated data analysis (e.g., deep learning for USI) to improve clinical applicability.