New insights into enlarged parietal foramina: an anatomical, radiological, and histological study

Our findings support the theory that EPF represents a localized congenital ossification defect of the parietal bone rather than a pathologic erosion. Their developmental origin likely reflects aberrant parietal notch closure and persistent falcine venous structures. Understanding their embryologic and genetic basis enhances clinical recognition, guides genetic counseling, and informs surgical management strategies.