Deep brain stimulation as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders

Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders is in its early stages of development. Its development is hampered by the heterogeneity of disorders and the difficulty in identifying optimal targets in the brain. Advances in functional neuroimaging, closed-loop stimulation, and machine-learning-based connectomic approaches can aid in target selection and improve understanding of the neuroanatomy and physiology underlying these complex conditions, which in turn will lead to improved patient outcomes. Further research is needed to develop standardized protocols and expand the therapeutic application of deep brain stimulation in neurology and psychiatry.