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Abstract This study presents an updated, quality-controlled tornado climatology for Romania, increasing the catalog to 245 cases by incorporating newly recovered archival records and entries from the European Severe Weather Database. Spatial analysis shows that tornadoes are primarily concentrated in the plains of northeastern and southeastern Romania. Seventy percent of events occur between May and July, with a diurnal maximum in the early afternoon (14–15 UTC; 16–17 local time). Most tornadoes are rated using the International Fujita Scale as IF1 and IF1.5 (39 cases), with 29 rated IF2 or higher. Notably, previously undocumented deadly tornadoes were uncovered in the archival research, including the 13 May 1912 Transylvania tornado, the deadliest recorded event. Analyses of convective environments from ERA5 reanalysis (1990–2024) indicate that Romanian tornadoes typically form in rapidly evolving, high-shear/low-CAPE settings. Mixed-layer CAPE increases to 700–1000 J kg −1 in the six hours to two hours before tornado onset, while 0–1 km bulk shear exceeds 7 m s −1 and 0–500 m storm-relative helicity surpasses 50 m 2 s −1 . Although the U.S.-derived Significant Tornado Parameter rarely exceeds 0.2 in Romania, its marked increase prior to events suggests operational value when used with regional thresholds. Decadal trend analysis (1990–2024) reveals generally weak and spatially variable changes: early summer mixed-layer CAPE shows modest increases in northwestern areas, while low-level shear has declined in central and southern regions during June–July. This revised climatology provides a more comprehensive foundation for understanding severe convective storms in Romania.