Detecting Manuscripts Related to Computable Phenotypes Using a Transformer-based Language Model

ABSTRACT Objective The demand for a comprehensive phenomics library, which requires identifying computable phenotype definitions and associated metadata from an ever-expanding biomedical literature, presents a significant, labor-intensive, and unscalable challenge. To address this, we introduce a transformer-based language model specifically designed for identifying biomedical texts containing computable phenotypes and piloted its use in the Centralized Interactive Phenomics Resource (CIPHER) platform. Materials and Methods We fine-tuned a BioBERT model using a labeled dataset of 396 manuscripts. The model incorporates our novel sliding-window approach to effectively overcome token-length limitations, thereby enabling accurate classification of full-length manuscripts. For scalable deployment and continuous refinement, we developed a cohesive framework that integrates a web-based user interface, a control server, and a classification module. Results The staged approach for model development yielded a final model with 95% accuracy. The web-based user interface was deployed on the CIPHER platform and enables user feedback for model retraining. Discussion We developed a model and user interface which are currently in use by data curators to identify computable phenotype definitions from the literature. Conclusion Through this system, users can submit literature, assess classification results, and provide feedback directly influencing future model training, thereby offering an efficient and adaptive solution for accelerating phenotype-driven literature curation.