Whole-body vibration exposure and chronic low back pain among heavy machine operators and long-haul truck drivers in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

A significant number of measurements exceeded the Directive 2002/44/EC EAV, and a substantial proportion of workers reported chronic low back pain, suggesting a potential relationship. Preventive interventions to reduce WBV exposure could benefit heavy machine operators and truck drivers. Longitudinal studies with repeated measurements are warranted to better characterize exposure variability and WRMSDs.