Pre-lacteal feeding practices, determinants, and early health outcomes among children under 2 years of age in Nogob Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Pre-lacteal feeding is common in the Nogob zone and is linked to adverse neonatal outcomes. Maternal education, antenatal care promotion, early breastfeeding initiation, and culturally sensitive community interventions are essential to reduce pre-lacteal feeding and improve neonatal health in pastoralist settings.