The Fate and Risk of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Terrestrial Ecosystems

This chapter addresses the current understanding of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) contamination in terrestrial ecosystems, including their sources, transportation pathways, environmental fate, interaction with soil biota and toxicity, and human exposure. Current studies have come a long way within the field of MNP pollution. However, several knowledge gaps concerning the ecological implications and fate in terrestrial ecosystems remain. Future research directions are also discussed.