Health care system resilience - Evaluating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency medical service demand in Germany: A case study from the city of Jena

The pandemic led to shift in demand patterns, characterized by reduced overall demand, extended mission times, and a change in treatment focus from cardiovascular to psychiatric and psychosocial issues, reflecting changes in healthcare-seeking behaviour and operational challenges. While regional studies have examined mission volumes, our study provides a higher-resolution analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pre-clinical EMS in Germany and provides important insights to be used for health care planning and policy decision-making.